torchvision.transforms

Transforms are common image transformations. They can be chained together using Compose. Additionally, there is the torchvision.transforms.functional module. Functional transforms give fine-grained control over the transformations. This is useful if you have to build a more complex transformation pipeline (e.g. in the case of segmentation tasks).

All transformations accept PIL Image, Tensor Image or batch of Tensor Images as input. Tensor Image is a tensor with (C, H, W) shape, where C is a number of channels, H and W are image height and width. Batch of Tensor Images is a tensor of (B, C, H, W) shape, where B is a number of images in the batch. Deterministic or random transformations applied on the batch of Tensor Images identically transform all the images of the batch.

Warning

Since v0.8.0 all random transformations are using torch default random generator to sample random parameters. It is a backward compatibility breaking change and user should set the random state as following:

# Previous versions
# import random
# random.seed(12)

# Now
import torch
torch.manual_seed(17)

Please, keep in mind that the same seed for torch random generator and Python random generator will not produce the same results.

Scriptable transforms

In order to script the transformations, please use torch.nn.Sequential instead of Compose.

transforms = torch.nn.Sequential(
    transforms.CenterCrop(10),
    transforms.Normalize((0.485, 0.456, 0.406), (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)),
)
scripted_transforms = torch.jit.script(transforms)

Make sure to use only scriptable transformations, i.e. that work with torch.Tensor and does not require lambda functions or PIL.Image.

For any custom transformations to be used with torch.jit.script, they should be derived from torch.nn.Module.

Compositions of transforms

class torchvision.transforms.Compose(transforms)

Composes several transforms together. This transform does not support torchscript. Please, see the note below.

Parameters

transforms (list of Transform objects) – list of transforms to compose.

Example

>>> transforms.Compose([
>>>     transforms.CenterCrop(10),
>>>     transforms.ToTensor(),
>>> ])

Note

In order to script the transformations, please use torch.nn.Sequential as below.

>>> transforms = torch.nn.Sequential(
>>>     transforms.CenterCrop(10),
>>>     transforms.Normalize((0.485, 0.456, 0.406), (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)),
>>> )
>>> scripted_transforms = torch.jit.script(transforms)

Make sure to use only scriptable transformations, i.e. that work with torch.Tensor, does not require lambda functions or PIL.Image.

Transforms on PIL Image and torch.*Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.CenterCrop(size)

Crops the given image at the center. The image can be a PIL Image or a torch Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

size (sequence or int) – Desired output size of the crop. If size is an int instead of sequence like (h, w), a square crop (size, size) is made. If provided a tuple or list of length 1, it will be interpreted as (size[0], size[0]).

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be cropped.

Returns

Cropped image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.ColorJitter(brightness=0, contrast=0, saturation=0, hue=0)

Randomly change the brightness, contrast and saturation of an image.

Parameters

• brightness (float or tuple of python:float (min, max)) – How much to jitter brightness. brightness_factor is chosen uniformly from [max(0, 1 - brightness), 1 + brightness] or the given [min, max]. Should be non negative numbers.

• contrast (float or tuple of python:float (min, max)) – How much to jitter contrast. contrast_factor is chosen uniformly from [max(0, 1 - contrast), 1 + contrast] or the given [min, max]. Should be non negative numbers.

• saturation (float or tuple of python:float (min, max)) – How much to jitter saturation. saturation_factor is chosen uniformly from [max(0, 1 - saturation), 1 + saturation] or the given [min, max]. Should be non negative numbers.

• hue (float or tuple of python:float (min, max)) – How much to jitter hue. hue_factor is chosen uniformly from [-hue, hue] or the given [min, max]. Should have 0<= hue <= 0.5 or -0.5 <= min <= max <= 0.5.

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Input image.

Returns

Color jittered image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

static get_params(brightness, contrast, saturation, hue)

Get a randomized transform to be applied on image.

Arguments are same as that of __init__.

Returns

Transform which randomly adjusts brightness, contrast and saturation in a random order.

class torchvision.transforms.FiveCrop(size)

Crop the given image into four corners and the central crop. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Note

This transform returns a tuple of images and there may be a mismatch in the number of inputs and targets your Dataset returns. See below for an example of how to deal with this.

Parameters

size (sequence or int) – Desired output size of the crop. If size is an int instead of sequence like (h, w), a square crop of size (size, size) is made. If provided a tuple or list of length 1, it will be interpreted as (size[0], size[0]).

Example

>>> transform = Compose([
>>>    FiveCrop(size), # this is a list of PIL Images
>>>    Lambda(lambda crops: torch.stack([ToTensor()(crop) for crop in crops])) # returns a 4D tensor
>>> ])
>>> #In your test loop you can do the following:
>>> input, target = batch # input is a 5d tensor, target is 2d
>>> bs, ncrops, c, h, w = input.size()
>>> result = model(input.view(-1, c, h, w)) # fuse batch size and ncrops
>>> result_avg = result.view(bs, ncrops, -1).mean(1) # avg over crops

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be cropped.

Returns

tuple of 5 images. Image can be PIL Image or Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.Grayscale(num_output_channels=1)

Convert image to grayscale. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, 3, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

num_output_channels (int) – (1 or 3) number of channels desired for output image

Returns

Grayscale version of the input.

• If num_output_channels == 1 : returned image is single channel

• If num_output_channels == 3 : returned image is 3 channel with r == g == b

Return type

PIL Image

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be converted to grayscale.

Returns

Grayscaled image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.Pad(padding, fill=0, padding_mode='constant')

Pad the given image on all sides with the given “pad” value. The image can be a PIL Image or a torch Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

• padding (int or tuple or list) – Padding on each border. If a single int is provided this is used to pad all borders. If tuple of length 2 is provided this is the padding on left/right and top/bottom respectively. If a tuple of length 4 is provided this is the padding for the left, top, right and bottom borders respectively. In torchscript mode padding as single int is not supported, use a tuple or list of length 1: [padding, ].

• fill (int or tuple) – Pixel fill value for constant fill. Default is 0. If a tuple of length 3, it is used to fill R, G, B channels respectively. This value is only used when the padding_mode is constant

• padding_mode (str) –

  Type of padding. Should be: constant, edge, reflect or symmetric. Default is constant. Mode symmetric is not yet supported for Tensor inputs.

  • constant: pads with a constant value, this value is specified with fill

  • edge: pads with the last value at the edge of the image

  • reflect: pads with reflection of image without repeating the last value on the edge

    For example, padding [1, 2, 3, 4] with 2 elements on both sides in reflect mode will result in [3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2]

  • symmetric: pads with reflection of image repeating the last value on the edge

    For example, padding [1, 2, 3, 4] with 2 elements on both sides in symmetric mode will result in [2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3]

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be padded.

Returns

Padded image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.RandomAffine(degrees, translate=None, scale=None, shear=None, resample=0, fillcolor=0)

Random affine transformation of the image keeping center invariant. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions.

Parameters

• degrees (sequence or float or int) – Range of degrees to select from. If degrees is a number instead of sequence like (min, max), the range of degrees will be (-degrees, +degrees). Set to 0 to deactivate rotations.

• translate (tuple, optional) – tuple of maximum absolute fraction for horizontal and vertical translations. For example translate=(a, b), then horizontal shift is randomly sampled in the range -img_width * a < dx < img_width * a and vertical shift is randomly sampled in the range -img_height * b < dy < img_height * b. Will not translate by default.

• scale (tuple, optional) – scaling factor interval, e.g (a, b), then scale is randomly sampled from the range a <= scale <= b. Will keep original scale by default.

• shear (sequence or float or int, optional) – Range of degrees to select from. If shear is a number, a shear parallel to the x axis in the range (-shear, +shear) will be applied. Else if shear is a tuple or list of 2 values a shear parallel to the x axis in the range (shear[0], shear[1]) will be applied. Else if shear is a tuple or list of 4 values, a x-axis shear in (shear[0], shear[1]) and y-axis shear in (shear[2], shear[3]) will be applied. Will not apply shear by default.

• resample (int, optional) – An optional resampling filter. See filters for more information. If omitted, or if the image has mode “1” or “P”, it is set to PIL.Image.NEAREST. If input is Tensor, only PIL.Image.NEAREST and PIL.Image.BILINEAR are supported.

• fillcolor (tuple or int) – Optional fill color (Tuple for RGB Image and int for grayscale) for the area outside the transform in the output image (Pillow>=5.0.0). This option is not supported for Tensor input. Fill value for the area outside the transform in the output image is always 0.

forward(img)

img (PIL Image or Tensor): Image to be transformed.

Returns

Affine transformed image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

static get_params(degrees: List[float], translate: Optional[List[float]], scale_ranges: Optional[List[float]], shears: Optional[List[float]], img_size: List[int]) → Tuple[float, Tuple[int, int], float, Tuple[float, float]]

Get parameters for affine transformation

Returns

params to be passed to the affine transformation

class torchvision.transforms.RandomApply(transforms, p=0.5)

Apply randomly a list of transformations with a given probability.

Note

In order to script the transformation, please use torch.nn.ModuleList as input instead of list/tuple of transforms as shown below:

>>> transforms = transforms.RandomApply(torch.nn.ModuleList([
>>>     transforms.ColorJitter(),
>>> ]), p=0.3)
>>> scripted_transforms = torch.jit.script(transforms)

Make sure to use only scriptable transformations, i.e. that work with torch.Tensor, does not require lambda functions or PIL.Image.

Parameters

• transforms (list or tuple or torch.nn.Module) – list of transformations

• p (float) – probability

class torchvision.transforms.RandomCrop(size, padding=None, pad_if_needed=False, fill=0, padding_mode='constant')

Crop the given image at a random location. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

• size (sequence or int) – Desired output size of the crop. If size is an int instead of sequence like (h, w), a square crop (size, size) is made. If provided a tuple or list of length 1, it will be interpreted as (size[0], size[0]).

• padding (int or sequence, optional) – Optional padding on each border of the image. Default is None. If a single int is provided this is used to pad all borders. If tuple of length 2 is provided this is the padding on left/right and top/bottom respectively. If a tuple of length 4 is provided this is the padding for the left, top, right and bottom borders respectively. In torchscript mode padding as single int is not supported, use a tuple or list of length 1: [padding, ].

• pad_if_needed (boolean) – It will pad the image if smaller than the desired size to avoid raising an exception. Since cropping is done after padding, the padding seems to be done at a random offset.

• fill (int or tuple) – Pixel fill value for constant fill. Default is 0. If a tuple of length 3, it is used to fill R, G, B channels respectively. This value is only used when the padding_mode is constant

• padding_mode (str) –

  Type of padding. Should be: constant, edge, reflect or symmetric. Default is constant. Mode symmetric is not yet supported for Tensor inputs.

  • constant: pads with a constant value, this value is specified with fill

  • edge: pads with the last value on the edge of the image

  • reflect: pads with reflection of image (without repeating the last value on the edge)

    padding [1, 2, 3, 4] with 2 elements on both sides in reflect mode will result in [3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2]

  • symmetric: pads with reflection of image (repeating the last value on the edge)

    padding [1, 2, 3, 4] with 2 elements on both sides in symmetric mode will result in [2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3]

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be cropped.

Returns

Cropped image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

static get_params(img: torch.Tensor, output_size: Tuple[int, int]) → Tuple[int, int, int, int]

Get parameters for crop for a random crop.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be cropped.

• output_size (tuple) – Expected output size of the crop.

Returns

params (i, j, h, w) to be passed to crop for random crop.

Return type

tuple

class torchvision.transforms.RandomGrayscale(p=0.1)

Randomly convert image to grayscale with a probability of p (default 0.1). The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, 3, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

p (float) – probability that image should be converted to grayscale.

Returns

Grayscale version of the input image with probability p and unchanged with probability (1-p). - If input image is 1 channel: grayscale version is 1 channel - If input image is 3 channel: grayscale version is 3 channel with r == g == b

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be converted to grayscale.

Returns

Randomly grayscaled image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(p=0.5)

Horizontally flip the given image randomly with a given probability. The image can be a PIL Image or a torch Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

p (float) – probability of the image being flipped. Default value is 0.5

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be flipped.

Returns

Randomly flipped image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.RandomPerspective(distortion_scale=0.5, p=0.5, interpolation=2, fill=0)

Performs a random perspective transformation of the given image with a given probability. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions.

Parameters

• distortion_scale (float) – argument to control the degree of distortion and ranges from 0 to 1. Default is 0.5.

• p (float) – probability of the image being transformed. Default is 0.5.

• interpolation (int) – Interpolation type. If input is Tensor, only PIL.Image.NEAREST and PIL.Image.BILINEAR are supported. Default, PIL.Image.BILINEAR for PIL images and Tensors.

• fill (n-tuple or int or float) – Pixel fill value for area outside the rotated image. If int or float, the value is used for all bands respectively. Default is 0. This option is only available for pillow>=5.0.0. This option is not supported for Tensor input. Fill value for the area outside the transform in the output image is always 0.

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be Perspectively transformed.

Returns

Randomly transformed image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

static get_params(width: int, height: int, distortion_scale: float) → Tuple[List[List[int]], List[List[int]]]

Get parameters for perspective for a random perspective transform.

Parameters

• width (int) – width of the image.

• height (int) – height of the image.

• distortion_scale (float) – argument to control the degree of distortion and ranges from 0 to 1.

Returns

List containing [top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left] of the original image, List containing [top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left] of the transformed image.

class torchvision.transforms.RandomResizedCrop(size, scale=(0.08, 1.0), ratio=(0.75, 1.3333333333333333), interpolation=2)

Crop the given image to random size and aspect ratio. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

A crop of random size (default: of 0.08 to 1.0) of the original size and a random aspect ratio (default: of 3/4 to 4/3) of the original aspect ratio is made. This crop is finally resized to given size. This is popularly used to train the Inception networks.

Parameters

• size (int or sequence) – expected output size of each edge. If size is an int instead of sequence like (h, w), a square output size (size, size) is made. If provided a tuple or list of length 1, it will be interpreted as (size[0], size[0]).

• scale (tuple of python:float) – range of size of the origin size cropped

• ratio (tuple of python:float) – range of aspect ratio of the origin aspect ratio cropped.

• interpolation (int) – Desired interpolation enum defined by filters. Default is PIL.Image.BILINEAR. If input is Tensor, only PIL.Image.NEAREST, PIL.Image.BILINEAR and PIL.Image.BICUBIC are supported.

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be cropped and resized.

Returns

Randomly cropped and resized image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

static get_params(img: torch.Tensor, scale: List[float], ratio: List[float]) → Tuple[int, int, int, int]

Get parameters for crop for a random sized crop.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Input image.

• scale (list) – range of scale of the origin size cropped

• ratio (list) – range of aspect ratio of the origin aspect ratio cropped

Returns

params (i, j, h, w) to be passed to crop for a random

sized crop.

Return type

tuple

class torchvision.transforms.RandomRotation(degrees, resample=False, expand=False, center=None, fill=None)

Rotate the image by angle. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions.

Parameters

• degrees (sequence or float or int) – Range of degrees to select from. If degrees is a number instead of sequence like (min, max), the range of degrees will be (-degrees, +degrees).

• resample (int, optional) – An optional resampling filter. See filters for more information. If omitted, or if the image has mode “1” or “P”, it is set to PIL.Image.NEAREST. If input is Tensor, only PIL.Image.NEAREST and PIL.Image.BILINEAR are supported.

• expand (bool, optional) – Optional expansion flag. If true, expands the output to make it large enough to hold the entire rotated image. If false or omitted, make the output image the same size as the input image. Note that the expand flag assumes rotation around the center and no translation.

• center (list or tuple, optional) – Optional center of rotation, (x, y). Origin is the upper left corner. Default is the center of the image.

• fill (n-tuple or int or float) – Pixel fill value for area outside the rotated image. If int or float, the value is used for all bands respectively. Defaults to 0 for all bands. This option is only available for Pillow>=5.2.0. This option is not supported for Tensor input. Fill value for the area outside the transform in the output image is always 0.

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be rotated.

Returns

Rotated image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

static get_params(degrees: List[float]) → float

Get parameters for rotate for a random rotation.

Returns

angle parameter to be passed to rotate for random rotation.

Return type

float

class torchvision.transforms.RandomSizedCrop(*args, **kwargs)

Note: This transform is deprecated in favor of RandomResizedCrop.

class torchvision.transforms.RandomVerticalFlip(p=0.5)

Vertically flip the given image randomly with a given probability. The image can be a PIL Image or a torch Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

p (float) – probability of the image being flipped. Default value is 0.5

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be flipped.

Returns

Randomly flipped image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.Resize(size, interpolation=2)

Resize the input image to the given size. The image can be a PIL Image or a torch Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

• size (sequence or int) – Desired output size. If size is a sequence like (h, w), output size will be matched to this. If size is an int, smaller edge of the image will be matched to this number. i.e, if height > width, then image will be rescaled to (size * height / width, size). In torchscript mode padding as single int is not supported, use a tuple or list of length 1: [size, ].

• interpolation (int, optional) – Desired interpolation enum defined by filters. Default is PIL.Image.BILINEAR. If input is Tensor, only PIL.Image.NEAREST, PIL.Image.BILINEAR and PIL.Image.BICUBIC are supported.

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be scaled.

Returns

Rescaled image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.Scale(*args, **kwargs)

Note: This transform is deprecated in favor of Resize.

class torchvision.transforms.TenCrop(size, vertical_flip=False)

Crop the given image into four corners and the central crop plus the flipped version of these (horizontal flipping is used by default). The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Note

This transform returns a tuple of images and there may be a mismatch in the number of inputs and targets your Dataset returns. See below for an example of how to deal with this.

Parameters

• size (sequence or int) – Desired output size of the crop. If size is an int instead of sequence like (h, w), a square crop (size, size) is made. If provided a tuple or list of length 1, it will be interpreted as (size[0], size[0]).

• vertical_flip (bool) – Use vertical flipping instead of horizontal

Example

>>> transform = Compose([
>>>    TenCrop(size), # this is a list of PIL Images
>>>    Lambda(lambda crops: torch.stack([ToTensor()(crop) for crop in crops])) # returns a 4D tensor
>>> ])
>>> #In your test loop you can do the following:
>>> input, target = batch # input is a 5d tensor, target is 2d
>>> bs, ncrops, c, h, w = input.size()
>>> result = model(input.view(-1, c, h, w)) # fuse batch size and ncrops
>>> result_avg = result.view(bs, ncrops, -1).mean(1) # avg over crops

forward(img)

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be cropped.

Returns

tuple of 10 images. Image can be PIL Image or Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.GaussianBlur(kernel_size, sigma=(0.1, 2.0))

Blurs image with randomly chosen Gaussian blur. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, C, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

• kernel_size (int or sequence) – Size of the Gaussian kernel.

• sigma (float or tuple of python:float (min, max)) – Standard deviation to be used for creating kernel to perform blurring. If float, sigma is fixed. If it is tuple of float (min, max), sigma is chosen uniformly at random to lie in the given range.

Returns

Gaussian blurred version of the input image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

forward(img: torch.Tensor) → torch.Tensor

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – image to be blurred.

Returns

Gaussian blurred image

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

static get_params(sigma_min: float, sigma_max: float) → float

Choose sigma for random gaussian blurring.

Parameters

• sigma_min (float) – Minimum standard deviation that can be chosen for blurring kernel.

• sigma_max (float) – Maximum standard deviation that can be chosen for blurring kernel.

Returns

Standard deviation to be passed to calculate kernel for gaussian blurring.

Return type

float

Transforms on PIL Image only

class torchvision.transforms.RandomChoice(transforms)

Apply single transformation randomly picked from a list. This transform does not support torchscript.

class torchvision.transforms.RandomOrder(transforms)

Apply a list of transformations in a random order. This transform does not support torchscript.

Transforms on torch.*Tensor only

class torchvision.transforms.LinearTransformation(transformation_matrix, mean_vector)

Transform a tensor image with a square transformation matrix and a mean_vector computed offline. Given transformation_matrix and mean_vector, will flatten the torch.*Tensor and subtract mean_vector from it which is then followed by computing the dot product with the transformation matrix and then reshaping the tensor to its original shape.

Applications:

whitening transformation: Suppose X is a column vector zero-centered data. Then compute the data covariance matrix [D x D] with torch.mm(X.t(), X), perform SVD on this matrix and pass it as transformation_matrix.

Parameters

• transformation_matrix (Tensor) – tensor [D x D], D = C x H x W

• mean_vector (Tensor) – tensor [D], D = C x H x W

forward(tensor: torch.Tensor) → torch.Tensor

Parameters

tensor (Tensor) – Tensor image to be whitened.

Returns

Transformed image.

Return type

Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.Normalize(mean, std, inplace=False)

Normalize a tensor image with mean and standard deviation. Given mean: (mean[1],...,mean[n]) and std: (std[1],..,std[n]) for n channels, this transform will normalize each channel of the input torch.*Tensor i.e., output[channel] = (input[channel] - mean[channel]) / std[channel]

Note

This transform acts out of place, i.e., it does not mutate the input tensor.

Parameters

• mean (sequence) – Sequence of means for each channel.

• std (sequence) – Sequence of standard deviations for each channel.

• inplace (bool,optional) – Bool to make this operation in-place.

forward(tensor: torch.Tensor) → torch.Tensor

Parameters

tensor (Tensor) – Tensor image to be normalized.

Returns

Normalized Tensor image.

Return type

Tensor

class torchvision.transforms.RandomErasing(p=0.5, scale=(0.02, 0.33), ratio=(0.3, 3.3), value=0, inplace=False)

Randomly selects a rectangle region in an image and erases its pixels. ‘Random Erasing Data Augmentation’ by Zhong et al. See https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.04896

Parameters

• p – probability that the random erasing operation will be performed.

• scale – range of proportion of erased area against input image.

• ratio – range of aspect ratio of erased area.

• value – erasing value. Default is 0. If a single int, it is used to erase all pixels. If a tuple of length 3, it is used to erase R, G, B channels respectively. If a str of ‘random’, erasing each pixel with random values.

• inplace – boolean to make this transform inplace. Default set to False.

Returns

Erased Image.

Example

>>> transform = transforms.Compose([
>>>   transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
>>>   transforms.ToTensor(),
>>>   transforms.Normalize((0.485, 0.456, 0.406), (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)),
>>>   transforms.RandomErasing(),
>>> ])

forward(img)

Parameters

img (Tensor) – Tensor image to be erased.

Returns

Erased Tensor image.

Return type

img (Tensor)

static get_params(img: torch.Tensor, scale: Tuple[float, float], ratio: Tuple[float, float], value: Optional[List[float]] = None) → Tuple[int, int, int, int, torch.Tensor]

Get parameters for erase for a random erasing.

Parameters

• img (Tensor) – Tensor image to be erased.

• scale (tuple or list) – range of proportion of erased area against input image.

• ratio (tuple or list) – range of aspect ratio of erased area.

• value (list, optional) – erasing value. If None, it is interpreted as “random” (erasing each pixel with random values). If len(value) is 1, it is interpreted as a number, i.e. value[0].

Returns

params (i, j, h, w, v) to be passed to erase for random erasing.

Return type

tuple

class torchvision.transforms.ConvertImageDtype(dtype: torch.dtype)

Convert a tensor image to the given dtype and scale the values accordingly

Parameters

dtype (torch.dpython:type) – Desired data type of the output

Note

When converting from a smaller to a larger integer dtype the maximum values are not mapped exactly. If converted back and forth, this mismatch has no effect.

Raises

RuntimeError – When trying to cast torch.float32 to torch.int32 or torch.int64 as well as for trying to cast torch.float64 to torch.int64. These conversions might lead to overflow errors since the floating point dtype cannot store consecutive integers over the whole range of the integer dtype.

Conversion Transforms

class torchvision.transforms.ToPILImage(mode=None)

Convert a tensor or an ndarray to PIL Image. This transform does not support torchscript.

Converts a torch.*Tensor of shape C x H x W or a numpy ndarray of shape H x W x C to a PIL Image while preserving the value range.

Parameters

mode (PIL.Image mode) – color space and pixel depth of input data (optional). If mode is None (default) there are some assumptions made about the input data: - If the input has 4 channels, the mode is assumed to be RGBA. - If the input has 3 channels, the mode is assumed to be RGB. - If the input has 2 channels, the mode is assumed to be LA. - If the input has 1 channel, the mode is determined by the data type (i.e int, float, short).

class torchvision.transforms.ToTensor

Convert a PIL Image or numpy.ndarray to tensor. This transform does not support torchscript.

Converts a PIL Image or numpy.ndarray (H x W x C) in the range [0, 255] to a torch.FloatTensor of shape (C x H x W) in the range [0.0, 1.0] if the PIL Image belongs to one of the modes (L, LA, P, I, F, RGB, YCbCr, RGBA, CMYK, 1) or if the numpy.ndarray has dtype = np.uint8

In the other cases, tensors are returned without scaling.

Note

Because the input image is scaled to [0.0, 1.0], this transformation should not be used when transforming target image masks. See the references for implementing the transforms for image masks.

Generic Transforms

class torchvision.transforms.Lambda(lambd)

Apply a user-defined lambda as a transform. This transform does not support torchscript.

Parameters

lambd (function) – Lambda/function to be used for transform.

Functional Transforms

Functional transforms give you fine-grained control of the transformation pipeline. As opposed to the transformations above, functional transforms don’t contain a random number generator for their parameters. That means you have to specify/generate all parameters, but you can reuse the functional transform.

Example: you can apply a functional transform with the same parameters to multiple images like this:

import torchvision.transforms.functional as TF
import random

def my_segmentation_transforms(image, segmentation):
    if random.random() > 0.5:
        angle = random.randint(-30, 30)
        image = TF.rotate(image, angle)
        segmentation = TF.rotate(segmentation, angle)
    # more transforms ...
    return image, segmentation

Example: you can use a functional transform to build transform classes with custom behavior:

import torchvision.transforms.functional as TF
import random

class MyRotationTransform:
    """Rotate by one of the given angles."""

    def __init__(self, angles):
        self.angles = angles

    def __call__(self, x):
        angle = random.choice(self.angles)
        return TF.rotate(x, angle)

rotation_transform = MyRotationTransform(angles=[-30, -15, 0, 15, 30])

torchvision.transforms.functional.adjust_brightness(img: torch.Tensor, brightness_factor: float) → torch.Tensor

Adjust brightness of an Image.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be adjusted.

• brightness_factor (float) – How much to adjust the brightness. Can be any non negative number. 0 gives a black image, 1 gives the original image while 2 increases the brightness by a factor of 2.

Returns

Brightness adjusted image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.adjust_contrast(img: torch.Tensor, contrast_factor: float) → torch.Tensor

Adjust contrast of an Image.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be adjusted.

• contrast_factor (float) – How much to adjust the contrast. Can be any non negative number. 0 gives a solid gray image, 1 gives the original image while 2 increases the contrast by a factor of 2.

Returns

Contrast adjusted image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.adjust_gamma(img: torch.Tensor, gamma: float, gain: float = 1) → torch.Tensor

Perform gamma correction on an image.

Also known as Power Law Transform. Intensities in RGB mode are adjusted based on the following equation:

$$I_{\text{out}} = 255 \times \text{gain} \times \left(\frac{I_{\text{in}}}{255}\right)^{\gamma}$$

See Gamma Correction for more details.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – PIL Image to be adjusted.

• gamma (float) – Non negative real number, same as $\gamma$ in the equation. gamma larger than 1 make the shadows darker, while gamma smaller than 1 make dark regions lighter.

• gain (float) – The constant multiplier.

Returns

Gamma correction adjusted image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.adjust_hue(img: torch.Tensor, hue_factor: float) → torch.Tensor

Adjust hue of an image.

The image hue is adjusted by converting the image to HSV and cyclically shifting the intensities in the hue channel (H). The image is then converted back to original image mode.

hue_factor is the amount of shift in H channel and must be in the interval [-0.5, 0.5].

See Hue for more details.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be adjusted.

• hue_factor (float) – How much to shift the hue channel. Should be in [-0.5, 0.5]. 0.5 and -0.5 give complete reversal of hue channel in HSV space in positive and negative direction respectively. 0 means no shift. Therefore, both -0.5 and 0.5 will give an image with complementary colors while 0 gives the original image.

Returns

Hue adjusted image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.adjust_saturation(img: torch.Tensor, saturation_factor: float) → torch.Tensor

Adjust color saturation of an image.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be adjusted.

• saturation_factor (float) – How much to adjust the saturation. 0 will give a black and white image, 1 will give the original image while 2 will enhance the saturation by a factor of 2.

Returns

Saturation adjusted image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.affine(img: torch.Tensor, angle: float, translate: List[int], scale: float, shear: List[float], resample: int = 0, fillcolor: Optional[int] = None) → torch.Tensor

Apply affine transformation on the image keeping image center invariant. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – image to transform.

• angle (float or int) – rotation angle in degrees between -180 and 180, clockwise direction.

• translate (list or tuple of python:integers) – horizontal and vertical translations (post-rotation translation)

• scale (float) – overall scale

• shear (float or tuple or list) – shear angle value in degrees between -180 to 180, clockwise direction. If a tuple of list is specified, the first value corresponds to a shear parallel to the x axis, while the second value corresponds to a shear parallel to the y axis.

• resample (PIL.Image.NEAREST or PIL.Image.BILINEAR or PIL.Image.BICUBIC, optional) – An optional resampling filter. See filters for more information. If omitted, or if the image is PIL Image and has mode “1” or “P”, it is set to PIL.Image.NEAREST. If input is Tensor, only PIL.Image.NEAREST and PIL.Image.BILINEAR are supported.

• fillcolor (int) – Optional fill color for the area outside the transform in the output image (Pillow>=5.0.0). This option is not supported for Tensor input. Fill value for the area outside the transform in the output image is always 0.

Returns

Transformed image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.center_crop(img: torch.Tensor, output_size: List[int]) → torch.Tensor

Crops the given image at the center. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be cropped.

• output_size (sequence or int) – (height, width) of the crop box. If int or sequence with single int it is used for both directions.

Returns

Cropped image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.convert_image_dtype(image: torch.Tensor, dtype: torch.dtype = torch.float32) → torch.Tensor

Convert a tensor image to the given dtype and scale the values accordingly

Parameters

• image (torch.Tensor) – Image to be converted

• dtype (torch.dpython:type) – Desired data type of the output

Returns

Converted image

Return type

Tensor

Note

When converting from a smaller to a larger integer dtype the maximum values are not mapped exactly. If converted back and forth, this mismatch has no effect.

Raises

RuntimeError – When trying to cast torch.float32 to torch.int32 or torch.int64 as well as for trying to cast torch.float64 to torch.int64. These conversions might lead to overflow errors since the floating point dtype cannot store consecutive integers over the whole range of the integer dtype.

torchvision.transforms.functional.crop(img: torch.Tensor, top: int, left: int, height: int, width: int) → torch.Tensor

Crop the given image at specified location and output size. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be cropped. (0,0) denotes the top left corner of the image.

• top (int) – Vertical component of the top left corner of the crop box.

• left (int) – Horizontal component of the top left corner of the crop box.

• height (int) – Height of the crop box.

• width (int) – Width of the crop box.

Returns

Cropped image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.erase(img: torch.Tensor, i: int, j: int, h: int, w: int, v: torch.Tensor, inplace: bool = False) → torch.Tensor

Erase the input Tensor Image with given value.

Parameters

• img (Tensor Image) – Tensor image of size (C, H, W) to be erased

• i (int) – i in (i,j) i.e coordinates of the upper left corner.

• j (int) – j in (i,j) i.e coordinates of the upper left corner.

• h (int) – Height of the erased region.

• w (int) – Width of the erased region.

• v – Erasing value.

• inplace (bool, optional) – For in-place operations. By default is set False.

Returns

Erased image.

Return type

Tensor Image

torchvision.transforms.functional.five_crop(img: torch.Tensor, size: List[int]) → Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]

Crop the given image into four corners and the central crop. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Note

This transform returns a tuple of images and there may be a mismatch in the number of inputs and targets your Dataset returns.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be cropped.

• size (sequence or int) – Desired output size of the crop. If size is an int instead of sequence like (h, w), a square crop (size, size) is made. If provided a tuple or list of length 1, it will be interpreted as (size[0], size[0]).

Returns

tuple (tl, tr, bl, br, center)

Corresponding top left, top right, bottom left, bottom right and center crop.

Return type

tuple

torchvision.transforms.functional.gaussian_blur(img: torch.Tensor, kernel_size: List[int], sigma: Optional[List[float]] = None) → torch.Tensor

Performs Gaussian blurring on the img by given kernel. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be blurred

• kernel_size (sequence of python:ints or int) – Gaussian kernel size. Can be a sequence of integers like (kx, ky) or a single integer for square kernels. In torchscript mode kernel_size as single int is not supported, use a tuple or list of length 1: [ksize, ].

• sigma (sequence of python:floats or float, optional) – Gaussian kernel standard deviation. Can be a sequence of floats like (sigma_x, sigma_y) or a single float to define the same sigma in both X/Y directions. If None, then it is computed using kernel_size as sigma = 0.3 * ((kernel_size - 1) * 0.5 - 1) + 0.8. Default, None. In torchscript mode sigma as single float is not supported, use a tuple or list of length 1: [sigma, ].

Returns

Gaussian Blurred version of the image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.hflip(img: torch.Tensor) → torch.Tensor

Horizontally flip the given PIL Image or Tensor.

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be flipped. If img is a Tensor, it is expected to be in […, H, W] format, where … means it can have an arbitrary number of trailing dimensions.

Returns

Horizontally flipped image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.normalize(tensor: torch.Tensor, mean: List[float], std: List[float], inplace: bool = False) → torch.Tensor

Normalize a tensor image with mean and standard deviation.

Note

This transform acts out of place by default, i.e., it does not mutates the input tensor.

See Normalize for more details.

Parameters

• tensor (Tensor) – Tensor image of size (C, H, W) or (B, C, H, W) to be normalized.

• mean (sequence) – Sequence of means for each channel.

• std (sequence) – Sequence of standard deviations for each channel.

• inplace (bool,optional) – Bool to make this operation inplace.

Returns

Normalized Tensor image.

Return type

Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.pad(img: torch.Tensor, padding: List[int], fill: int = 0, padding_mode: str = 'constant') → torch.Tensor

Pad the given image on all sides with the given “pad” value. The image can be a PIL Image or a torch Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be padded.

• padding (int or tuple or list) – Padding on each border. If a single int is provided this is used to pad all borders. If tuple of length 2 is provided this is the padding on left/right and top/bottom respectively. If a tuple of length 4 is provided this is the padding for the left, top, right and bottom borders respectively. In torchscript mode padding as single int is not supported, use a tuple or list of length 1: [padding, ].

• fill (int or str or tuple) – Pixel fill value for constant fill. Default is 0. If a tuple of length 3, it is used to fill R, G, B channels respectively. This value is only used when the padding_mode is constant. Only int value is supported for Tensors.

• padding_mode –

  Type of padding. Should be: constant, edge, reflect or symmetric. Default is constant. Mode symmetric is not yet supported for Tensor inputs.

  • constant: pads with a constant value, this value is specified with fill

  • edge: pads with the last value on the edge of the image

  • reflect: pads with reflection of image (without repeating the last value on the edge)

    padding [1, 2, 3, 4] with 2 elements on both sides in reflect mode will result in [3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2]

  • symmetric: pads with reflection of image (repeating the last value on the edge)

    padding [1, 2, 3, 4] with 2 elements on both sides in symmetric mode will result in [2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3]

Returns

Padded image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.perspective(img: torch.Tensor, startpoints: List[List[int]], endpoints: List[List[int]], interpolation: int = 2, fill: Optional[int] = None) → torch.Tensor

Perform perspective transform of the given image. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be transformed.

• startpoints (list of list of python:ints) – List containing four lists of two integers corresponding to four corners [top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left] of the original image.

• endpoints (list of list of python:ints) – List containing four lists of two integers corresponding to four corners [top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left] of the transformed image.

• interpolation (int) – Interpolation type. If input is Tensor, only PIL.Image.NEAREST and PIL.Image.BILINEAR are supported. Default, PIL.Image.BILINEAR for PIL images and Tensors.

• fill (n-tuple or int or float) – Pixel fill value for area outside the rotated image. If int or float, the value is used for all bands respectively. This option is only available for pillow>=5.0.0. This option is not supported for Tensor input. Fill value for the area outside the transform in the output image is always 0.

Returns

transformed Image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.pil_to_tensor(pic)

Convert a PIL Image to a tensor of the same type.

See PILToTensor for more details.

Parameters

pic (PIL Image) – Image to be converted to tensor.

Returns

Converted image.

Return type

Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.resize(img: torch.Tensor, size: List[int], interpolation: int = 2) → torch.Tensor

Resize the input image to the given size. The image can be a PIL Image or a torch Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be resized.

• size (sequence or int) – Desired output size. If size is a sequence like (h, w), the output size will be matched to this. If size is an int, the smaller edge of the image will be matched to this number maintaining the aspect ratio. i.e, if height > width, then image will be rescaled to $\left(\text{size} \times \frac{\text{height}}{\text{width}}, \text{size}\right)$ . In torchscript mode size as single int is not supported, use a tuple or list of length 1: [size, ].

• interpolation (int, optional) – Desired interpolation enum defined by filters. Default is PIL.Image.BILINEAR. If input is Tensor, only PIL.Image.NEAREST, PIL.Image.BILINEAR and PIL.Image.BICUBIC are supported.

Returns

Resized image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.resized_crop(img: torch.Tensor, top: int, left: int, height: int, width: int, size: List[int], interpolation: int = 2) → torch.Tensor

Crop the given image and resize it to desired size. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Notably used in RandomResizedCrop.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be cropped. (0,0) denotes the top left corner of the image.

• top (int) – Vertical component of the top left corner of the crop box.

• left (int) – Horizontal component of the top left corner of the crop box.

• height (int) – Height of the crop box.

• width (int) – Width of the crop box.

• size (sequence or int) – Desired output size. Same semantics as resize.

• interpolation (int, optional) – Desired interpolation enum defined by filters. Default is PIL.Image.BILINEAR. If input is Tensor, only PIL.Image.NEAREST, PIL.Image.BILINEAR and PIL.Image.BICUBIC are supported.

Returns

Cropped image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.rgb_to_grayscale(img: torch.Tensor, num_output_channels: int = 1) → torch.Tensor

Convert RGB image to grayscale version of image. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Note

Please, note that this method supports only RGB images as input. For inputs in other color spaces, please, consider using meth:~torchvision.transforms.functional.to_grayscale with PIL Image.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – RGB Image to be converted to grayscale.

• num_output_channels (int) – number of channels of the output image. Value can be 1 or 3. Default, 1.

Returns

Grayscale version of the image.

if num_output_channels = 1 : returned image is single channel

if num_output_channels = 3 : returned image is 3 channel with r = g = b

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.rotate(img: torch.Tensor, angle: float, resample: int = 0, expand: bool = False, center: Optional[List[int]] = None, fill: Optional[int] = None) → torch.Tensor

Rotate the image by angle. The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – image to be rotated.

• angle (float or int) – rotation angle value in degrees, counter-clockwise.

• resample (PIL.Image.NEAREST or PIL.Image.BILINEAR or PIL.Image.BICUBIC, optional) – An optional resampling filter. See filters for more information. If omitted, or if the image has mode “1” or “P”, it is set to PIL.Image.NEAREST.

• expand (bool, optional) – Optional expansion flag. If true, expands the output image to make it large enough to hold the entire rotated image. If false or omitted, make the output image the same size as the input image. Note that the expand flag assumes rotation around the center and no translation.

• center (list or tuple, optional) – Optional center of rotation. Origin is the upper left corner. Default is the center of the image.

• fill (n-tuple or int or float) – Pixel fill value for area outside the rotated image. If int or float, the value is used for all bands respectively. Defaults to 0 for all bands. This option is only available for pillow>=5.2.0. This option is not supported for Tensor input. Fill value for the area outside the transform in the output image is always 0.

Returns

Rotated image.

Return type

PIL Image or Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.ten_crop(img: torch.Tensor, size: List[int], vertical_flip: bool = False) → List[torch.Tensor]

Generate ten cropped images from the given image. Crop the given image into four corners and the central crop plus the flipped version of these (horizontal flipping is used by default). The image can be a PIL Image or a Tensor, in which case it is expected to have […, H, W] shape, where … means an arbitrary number of leading dimensions

Note

This transform returns a tuple of images and there may be a mismatch in the number of inputs and targets your Dataset returns.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be cropped.

• size (sequence or int) – Desired output size of the crop. If size is an int instead of sequence like (h, w), a square crop (size, size) is made. If provided a tuple or list of length 1, it will be interpreted as (size[0], size[0]).

• vertical_flip (bool) – Use vertical flipping instead of horizontal

Returns

tuple (tl, tr, bl, br, center, tl_flip, tr_flip, bl_flip, br_flip, center_flip)

Corresponding top left, top right, bottom left, bottom right and center crop and same for the flipped image.

Return type

tuple

torchvision.transforms.functional.to_grayscale(img, num_output_channels=1)

Convert PIL image of any mode (RGB, HSV, LAB, etc) to grayscale version of image.

Parameters

• img (PIL Image) – PIL Image to be converted to grayscale.

• num_output_channels (int) – number of channels of the output image. Value can be 1 or 3. Default, 1.

Returns

Grayscale version of the image.

if num_output_channels = 1 : returned image is single channel

if num_output_channels = 3 : returned image is 3 channel with r = g = b

Return type

PIL Image

torchvision.transforms.functional.to_pil_image(pic, mode=None)

Convert a tensor or an ndarray to PIL Image.

See ToPILImage for more details.

Parameters

• pic (Tensor or numpy.ndarray) – Image to be converted to PIL Image.

• mode (PIL.Image mode) – color space and pixel depth of input data (optional).

Returns

Image converted to PIL Image.

Return type

PIL Image

torchvision.transforms.functional.to_tensor(pic)

Convert a PIL Image or numpy.ndarray to tensor.

See ToTensor for more details.

Parameters

pic (PIL Image or numpy.ndarray) – Image to be converted to tensor.

Returns

Converted image.

Return type

Tensor

torchvision.transforms.functional.vflip(img: torch.Tensor) → torch.Tensor

Vertically flip the given PIL Image or torch Tensor.

Parameters

img (PIL Image or Tensor) – Image to be flipped. If img is a Tensor, it is expected to be in […, H, W] format, where … means it can have an arbitrary number of trailing dimensions.

Returns

Vertically flipped image.

Return type

PIL Image